Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper

Subjective:

CC (chief complaint): “I have been having a low mood and have been very forgetful lately.”

HPI: T.N is a 72 year-old woman who presents with complaints of depression and dementia. She reports having a very low mood that interferes with her daily operations. She is displaying the clinical manifestations of dementia, and she states that she has been suffering from this ailment for a week now. According to her, she’s been forgetful  that she has no recollection of all that was said. The client claims that her illness worsens when she clearly remembers her armed forces experience, which spanned from graduation through retirement. She  claims that she does not have a family history of depression, and that she herself suffered from the similar ailment years back Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper.

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Past Psychiatric History: Denies history of homicidal or suicidal thoughts.

  • General Statement: Reports having been treated for dementia and depression in the past.
  • Caregivers (if applicable): T.N’s caregiver is her elder son.
  • Hospitalizations: Reports past hospitalizations associated with dementia.
  • Medication trials: The client had previously been on medication for six months, during which time she had been on a variety of medications.
  • Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: Dementia and depression are two previous psychiatric diagnoses Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper.

Substance Current Use and History: Denies history of drug use.

Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Denies any family history of psychiatric illness. She reports that his father was an alcoholic.

Psychosocial History: The client was married to her late spouse, and the couple had four children together at the time of his death. Since joining the military more than 30 years ago, she has given back to the community via a variety of volunteer and fundraising initiatives. Immediately upon her retirement from the service, she began to experience memory loss and trouble in problem-solving situations.

Medical History: Reports history of dementia and depression.

  • Current Medications: Aricept 10mg once daily and Lexapro 5mg daily.
  • Allergies: Reports penicillin allergy.
  • Reproductive Hx: Denies being sexually active and denies any reproductive issues. Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper

ROS:

  • GENERAL: Despite the fact that the client ogetsrf everything in such a short period, she appears to be in decent shape. A clear speech is used throughout the interview and there are no moods shown by her. She appears to be very self – aware and well-presented, however she appears to be easily distracted throughout the interview.
  • HEENT: Denies vision or hearing problems. Denies sore throat and nasal congestion.
  • SKIN: Denies rash, itching, and hives.
  • CARDIOVASCULAR: Denies chest pain, pressure, and palpitations.
  • RESPIRATORY: Denies breathings problems and coughing.
  • GASTROINTESTINAL: No abdominal pain,nausea, diarrhea, or vomiting.
  • GENITOURINARY: Denies urinary problems.
  • NEUROLOGICAL: Denies headache, dizziness, or ataxia.
  • MUSCULOSKELETAL: Denies mucle, joint or back pain.
  • HEMATOLOGIC: Denies bleeding or easy bruising.
  • LYMPHATICS: No history of splenectomy.
  • ENDOCRINOLOGIC: Denies fever, chills or night sweats Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper.

Objective:

Diagnostic results: T.N. was subjected to an array of diagnostic procedures, including a mental health assessment, to assess whether or not she was suffering from depression or dementia. A wide range of questions on her depression and dementia state were successfully answered by her. The client got 15 scores out of a maximum 30  on the Mini Mental State Examination, indicating that her health is deteriorating further (Cohen & DeRubeis, 2018).Upon quitting the army, the client began suffering from mood and memory problems, and her health has deteriorated.

Assessment:

Mental Status Examination: T.N. is a 72-year-old woman who is depressed and forgets things within a short period of time. After more than three decades of military service, her health is mostly related with the depression she has experienced and the stress she has endured while serving in the armed forces. She seems to be well-dressed and tidy, and as a result, her whole appearance is pleasant (Seabrook & Rickard, 2016). Throughout the interview, she seems to be in excellent communication with clear speaking.  She claims she has never had any suicidal ideation in her life, although she has been hospitalized for depression and dementia in the past. During the course of the discussion, she is, unfortunately, distracted Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper.

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Differential Diagnoses:

  • Depression– Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by a continuous sense of melancholy and lack of interest in daily activities. When a person has this mood, it might interfere with their normal everyday routines and techniques of going about their activity (Lim et al., 2018). Among the symptoms of depressive disorder are feelings of anxiousness, irritation, weariness, suicidal ideation and attempts, restlessness, and difficulties recalling details. It affects a person’s thoughts and may lead to emotional and physical difficulties. A combination of counseling and medications, such as Prozac or Aricept, may be used to manage this disorder.
  • Dementia- It refers to the state in which an individual’s judgment, logic, and recollection are impaired as a result of brain injury. Degerskär and Englund (2020) describe the indications and symptoms of dementia as impairments involving short-term memory, impairment in the capacity to do different tasks, and trouble thinking clearly. The illness is more prevalent among the seniors, and because T.N is 72 years old, she has a greater likelihood of developing dementia. Memantine and Donepezil are two medications that may be used to treat this disease.
  • Anxiety Disorder- This is a psychiatric disorder that renders it difficult for a person to go about their daily routine. Fear and dread, being apprehensive, having a quick pulse, and sweating are just a few of the indications and symptoms of anxiety (Seabrook & Rickard, 2016). T.N is less likely to be having this disorder Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper.

Reflections: Depression and dementia are the most common illnesses that might be impacting T.N, causing her to experience low mood and forget stuff quickly. Antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) might be used to address these disorders. A referral to a psychotherapist for counseling to assist the client in forgetting the events that occurred in the forces is also recommended.

References

Cohen, Z. D., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2018). Treatment selection in depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14(1), 209-236. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084746

Degerskär, A. N., & Englund, E. M. (2020). Cause of death in autopsy‐confirmed dementia disorders. European Journal of Neurology, 27(12), 2415-2421. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14450

Lim, G. Y., Tam, W. W., Lu, Y., Ho, C. S., Zhang, M. W., & Ho, R. C. (2018). Prevalence of depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21243-x

Seabrook, E. M., Kern, M. L., & Rickard, N. S. (2016). Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review. JMIR Mental Health, 3(4), e50. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.5842 Mood Disorders Discussion Assignment Paper