Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper

The factors that affect fertility (STDs)

Fertility is typically determined by a variety of factors, including substance addiction, sex, and others. One factor, though, concerns the STDs. They are sexually transmitted infections, and gonorrhea and chlamydia are among those considered to have a major effect on fertility. Those with gonorrhea are at risk of causing infertility (Reekie et al., 2018). Therefore, the patient from the case could be having gonorrhea which has damaged her reproductive tract. She might have gotten the STD from her husband, as they engage in sexual intercourse Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper.

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Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID

According to Delcaru et al (2016), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an illness that affects the upper sexual organs of the human body. The primary cause of PID is chlamydia STD and gonorrhea. Infections are dangerous and contribute to elevated rates of inflammatory markers such as CRP, ESR, and CA-125. Some inflammatory reaction to infection as a sign of infection will then cause bacteria to invade the extracellular fluid as the first line of defense dropped, resulting in an inflammatory response (Reekie et al . , 2018). This process is associated with increase in body temperature as the body attempts to fight the infection. From the case, the patient presents with elevated temperature levels, thus suggesting that she suffers from PID, which was brought by gonorrhea Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper.

Why prostatitis and infection happens

Prostatitis is generally an inflammation of the prostate gland, which generally occurs in males. It is stimulated by urinary gland bacteria which travel to the prostate (Delcaru et al., 2016). In addition, the bacteria can escape from the rectum by either lymphatic spread or by direct extension. Systematic reactions involve the spreading of infection across the human body from one part of the organ to another. The patient in our case is a woman, hence she cannot develop prostatitis.

Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP

Splenectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the detachment of spleen in whole or in part. The spleen is a delicate organ inside the lymphatic system and is the largest organ in the world. It helps to balance the fluids of the body. The immune system considers platelets as alien to ITP patients and slowly kills them (Ahmed et al., 2016). When the platelets are weakened, the spleen is removed. Patients with ITP must then undergo splenectomy to allow more platelets to circulate in their blood. The 32 year old female is less likely to require Splenectomy because from the symptoms she presents, she is less likely to have ITP Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper.

Anemia and the different kinds of anemia

Anemia is a health condition caused by a lack of enough red blood cells in the bloodstream to deliver oxygen to the body’s tissues. It normally happens if the body does not produce enough hemoglobin or if serious bleeding occurs, which causes the body to lose numerous red blood cells and cannot be easily replaced. The presence of the condition is difficult to diagnose in a variety of cases, because there could be no signs. There are two main forms of anemia, namely macrocytic and micro anemia. Macrocytic anemia is a form of anemia that recognizes red blood cells as larger than normal with low hemoglobin content. A lack of sufficient vitamin B-12 in the body is the primary cause of macrocytic anemia. On the other hand, micro-anemia is a condition that entails the body having a few red blood cells more than usual. The new blood cells are still very small in number. Low MCV below 83 microns 3 is characterized by micro-anemia (Wang, 2016).A deficit of adequate iron in the body is the cause of this type of anemia. The patient in the case does not have any symptoms related those of anemia. Therefore, she is not suffering from anemia Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper.

References

Ahmed, R., Devasia, A. J., Viswabandya, A., Lakshmi, K. M., Abraham, A., Karl, S., … & Mathews, V. (2016). Long-term outcome following splenectomy for chronic and persistent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults and children. Annals of hematology, 95(9), 1429-1434. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2738-3

Delcaru, C., Alexandru, I., Podgoreanu, P., Grosu, M., Stavropoulos, E., Chifiriuc, M. C., & Lazar, V. (2016). Microbial biofilms in urinary tract infections and prostatitis: etiology, pathogenicity, and combating strategies. Pathogens, 5(4), 65. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5040065

Reekie, J., Donovan, B., Guy, R., Hocking, J. S., Kaldor, J. M., Mak, D. B., … & Liu, B. (2018). Risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in relation to chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, repeat testing, and positivity: a population-based cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(3), 437-443. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix769

Wang, M. (2016). Iron deficiency and other types of anemia in infants and children. American family physician, 93(4), 270-278.

Instructions

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

  • The factors that affect fertility (STDs).
  • Why inflammatory markers rise in STD/PID.
  • Why prostatitis and infection happens. Also explain the causes of systemic reaction.
  • Why a patient would need a splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP.
  • Anemia and the different kinds of anemia (i.e., micro and macrocytic) Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper.

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Case Study

Case:

A 32-year-old female presents to the ED with a chief complaint of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and vaginal discharge. She states these symptoms started about 3 days ago, but she thought she had the flu. She has begun to have LLQ pain and notes bilateral lower back pain. She denies dysuria, foul-smelling urine, or frequency. States she is married and has sexual intercourse with her husband. PMH negative.

Labs: CBC-WBC 18, Hgb 16, Hct 44, Plat 325, ­ Neuts & Lymphs, sed rate 46 mm/hr, C-reactive protein 67 mg/L CMP wnl

Vital signs T 103.2 F Pulse 120 Resp 22 and PaO2

99% on room air. Cardio-respiratory exam WNL with the exception of tachycardia but no murmurs, rubs, clicks, or gallops. Abdominal exam + for LLQ pain on deep palpation but no rebound or rigidity. Pelvic exam demonstrates copious foul-smelling green drainage with reddened cervix and + bilateral adenexal tenderness. + chandelier sign. Wet prep in ER + clue cells and gram stain in ER + gram negative diplococci Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Essay Paper