Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper
Case Study 1.
The parents of a 5-year-old boy have accompanied their son for his required physical examination before starting kindergarten. His parents are opposed to him receiving any vaccines.
Health assessment information required
The patient is a 5-year-old boy who is accompanied to the physical examination by his parents. This is a pediatric client. The health assessment will collect subjective and objective data. Subjective data is collected by conducting an interview with the client (child) and parents, and obtaining the client history that include biographical data, health history, family health history, allergies and medications, lifestyle, and developmental level. The interview helps in establishing a relationship with the child and parents. It involves listening and using appropriate communication techniques with a focus on introducing and explaining the purpose of the health assessment. In addition, the interview helps in establishing a rapport through a calm, reassuring manner that establishes comfort and trust. Besides that, the interview process offers an opportunity to observe the reactions of the child and family as they interact with each other and answer the questions (Ball et al., 2019; Chiocca, 2019) Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper.
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Objective data is collected by evaluating the general status of the child in terms of the general appearance (symmetrical face, nutritional status, body posture and movements, examining skin, hair texture, mental alertness, and hygiene), and noting the psychological status and behavior. Additionally, evaluating the height and weight, head circumference, and vital signs to include blood pressure, respiration, pulse and temperature. Furthermore, objective data conducts a physical examination to include neurologic, back and extremities, genitalia and rectum, abdomen, heart, chest and lungs, and head and neck assessment. The objective data is collected through observations that help in establishing baseline measurements of the child’s data (Ball et al., 2019; Chiocca, 2019) Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper.
Response to scenario
The scenario makes it clear that while the parents have brought in the child for a required physical examination before starting school, they (parents) are opposed to their child receiving any vaccination. Evidence-based practice guidelines strongly recommend that children receive the necessary pediatric vaccines. However, for any child to be vaccinated, the parents must comply with the vaccination recommendations. Should the parents refuse to have the child vaccinated, then there are recommended strategies for addressing the situation. The first strategy is strongly recommending that the child receive the necessary vaccines. This includes addressing any concerns they may express and providing requested information. In addition, leveraging the critical position as a trusted source of medical information to argue for vaccination, and adding brief supporting statements that use a mix of science and anecdotes. This strategy makes use of communication techniques to share the importance of vaccines to protect the child from potentially life threatening diseases (Wilkinson & McBride, 2022)Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper.
Should the parents refuse to have the child vaccinated even after the strong recommendation, then it will be important to continue the conversation with more arguments that are convincing and stronger evidence. This includes informing them about clinical presentation and symptoms of vaccine preventable diseases, such as polio. If the parents continue refusing to have the child vaccinated and yet the nurse identifies a considerable risk, then the nurse can refer the case to child protective services agencies or public health authorities who would review the case and determine whether to compel the parents to have the child receive the required vaccinations (Parasidis & Opel, 2017).
Irrespective of the situation, it is important to consider four ethical principles. First, respect for autonomy in terms of recognizing the rights of the parents to decide for the child according to their own principles, which gives them (parents) the responsibility for the possible outcomes. This looks at the child’s assent, parental permission, voluntariness, adequate disclosure of information with its adequate understanding, and decision-making capacity of the parents. Second, non-maleficence in terms of not creating harm to the patient. This looks at adverse events, and contraindications for immunization. Third, beneficence in terms of contributing to the welfare of the child as concerns applying medical procedures that are in the best interest of the child. Fourth, justice in terms of equitability and distributive justice (Rus & Groselj, 2021) Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper.
References
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination: An Interprofessional Approach (9th ed.). Elsevier Mosby.
Chiocca, E. M. (2019). Advanced Pediatric Assessment (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company.
Parasidis, E., & Opel, D. J. (2017). Parental Refusal of Childhood Vaccines and Medical Neglect Laws. American Journal of Public Health, 107(1), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303500
Rus, M., & Groselj, U. (2021). Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Vaccines (Basel), 9(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020113
Wilkinson, D., & McBride, A. K. S. (2022). Clinical ethics: consent for vaccination in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 107(1), 3-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-322981
A/B/C/D/E/F/G CASE STUDY 1 The parents of a 5-year-old boy have accompanied their son for his required physical examination before starting kindergarten. His parents are opposed to him receiving any vaccines. To Prepare Review the scenarios provided by your instructor for this week’s Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your scenarios. Based on the scenarios provided: Select one scenario, and reflect on the material presented throughout this course. What necessary information would need to be obtained about the patient through health assessments and diagnostic tests? Consider how you would respond as an advanced practice nurse. Review evidence-based practice guidelines and ethical considerations applicable to the scenarios you selected. The Lab Assignment Write a detailed one-page narrative (not a formal paper) explaining the health assessment information required for a diagnosis of your selected patient (include the scenario number). Explain how you would respond to the scenario as an advanced practice nurse using evidence-based practice guidelines and applying ethical considerations. Justify your response using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature. To Prepare Review the scenarios provided by your instructor for this week’s Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your scenarios. Based on the scenarios provided: Select one scenario, and reflect on the material presented throughout this course Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper.
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What necessary information would need to be obtained about the patient through health assessments and diagnostic tests? Consider how you would respond as an advanced practice nurse. Review evidence-based practice guidelines and ethical considerations applicable to the scenarios you selected. The Lab Assignment Write a detailed one-page narrative (not a formal paper) explaining the health assessment information required for a diagnosis of your selected patient (include the scenario number). Explain how you would respond to the scenario as an advanced practice nurse using evidence-based practice guidelines and applying ethical considerations. Justify your response using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature. Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Chapter 24, “Sports Participation Evaluation” In this chapter, the authors describe the process of a sports participation evaluation. The chapter also states the most common conditions encountered in a sports participation evaluation. Chapter 25, “Putting It All Together” In this chapter, the authors tie together the concepts introduced in previous chapters. In particular, the chapter has a strong emphasis on the patient-caregiver relationship. Maron , B. J., Friedman, R. A., & Caplan, A. (2015). Ethics of preparticipation cardiovascular screening for athletes. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 12(6), 375–378. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.21 Persad, G. (2018). Authority without identity: defending advance directives via posthumous rights over one’s body. Journal of Medical Ethics, 45(4), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-104971 Rourke, L., Leduc, D., & Rourke, J. (2017). Rourke Baby Record. Retrieved from http://rourkebabyrecord.ca/ This website provides information on the Rourke Baby Record (RBR). The RBR supplies guidelines on growth and nutrition, developmental surveillance, physical exam parameters, and immunizations for well-baby and child care. Savulescu, J., Giubilini, A., & Danchin, M. (2021). Global ethical considerations regarding mandatory vaccination in children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 231, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.021 Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2021). Patient privacy and autonomy: A comparative analysis of cases of ethical dilemmas in China and the United States. BMC Medical Ethics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00579-6 Health Assessment Assignment Discussion Paper