Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper

1. What is the study problem and purpose?

2. Is the problem significant and relevant to nursing?   Explain.

1. 1. The research problem of this study is that readmission in hospitals comes with extra costs. The purpose of the study is to – To prevent the readmission within thirty days of discharge through telephonic follow – up by the nurses through checking the effectiveness of this telephonic follow – up procedure (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

2. 2. This problem stated above is significant and as well as relevant to nursing because readmission has been observed in case of 35 percent of the patients who are suffering from end stage renal disease which is a significant amount of the cases (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

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1. 1. Are relevant previous studies identified and described? Explain

2. 2. Are relevant theories and models identified and described? Explain

3. 3. Are the references current? Examine the number of sources in the past 5 and 10 years in the reference list. Explain

4. 4. Is the literature review organized to demonstrate the progressive development of ideas through previous research? Explain

1. Relevant studies have been identified as well as described (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. Relevant model has been identified as well as described. The model or framework that has been used in the study is the CCM model which means the Chronic Care Model (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

3. Not all the references are current. There are only three references which are within last five years of publications. Plus, there are two sources which are within last ten years of publication (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

4. There is section of section which can demonstrate progressive ideas’ development with the help of previous research (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

1. Is the framework explicitly presented or must it be extracted from the literature review? What is it? Explain

2. Does the framework describe and define the concepts of interest? Explain

3. Does the framework present the relationships among the concepts? Is a map or model of the framework provided for clarity? Explain

1. The framework is not explicitly presented. The framework has been taken out from literature review. As it is stated in study, the groundwork of this framework has been developed from the previous research (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. Yes, the framework describes plus defines concept of the interest. Because, it is useful in improving the care for the patients with chronic acute disease and end stage renal disease is a chronic condition (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

3. No, the framework does not represent any relationship among concepts. No map / model of framework has been provided for clarity (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

1. Are the objectives, questions, or hypotheses clearly and concisely expressed? What are they?

2. Are the objectives, questions, or hypotheses logically linked to the research purpose? Explain

or Hypotheses

1. No, the objectives, or questions or hypotheses are not clearly as well as concisely expressed. Only the purpose of the study has been mentioned clearly (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. But, from the study, it can be deduced that the objectives, as well as questions plus hypotheses are logically related to purpose of the study. Because, each one of them has aimed to check the effectiveness of the telephonic follow up to prevent readmission with 30 days of discharge in case of end stage renal disease (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

1. Identify the major study variables: Be specific

a. Independent

b. Dependent

2. Are the major variables defined (conceptually and operationally)

based on previous research and/or theories? Explain

1. the major study variables are sex, age, race, ethnicity, payer and pay scale. These all are independent variables (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

Dependent variables are inpatient cases, admission cases, readmission from zero to thirty days, readmission after 31 days or more. But there was no mention of independent and dependent variable in the list of major variables (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

2. The major variables have been defined such as demographic variables both conceptually as well as operationally on the basis of previous research articles (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

1. Identify the specific design of the study. Was the best design selected to direct this study? Explain

2. Does the design provide a means to examine all of the objectives, questions, or hypotheses and the study purpose? Explain

1. Design of study is descriptive research design. From studying the article, it can be stated that the best design has been selected for directing the study. Because, only descriptive research design helps to find out the answers of what, when, how and why which are necessary questions for this study (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. Yes, design requires to examine all objectives, as well as questions or hypotheses along with study purpose, though there is only study purpose which is mentioned in the study, still the study design is helpful to attain the objectives and purpose of the study as well (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

1. Are the inclusion and exclusion sample criteria described? Explain

2. Did the researchers indicate the method used to obtain the sample? Is the sampling method adequate to produce a sample that is representative of the study population? What are the potential biases in the sampling method?  Explain all answers in detail.

3. Discuss the institutional review board approval and informed consent obtained. Are the HIPAA privacy regulations followed? Explain

1. Yes, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are described. Both of the criteria have been mentioned under separate section which makes it evident and clear to understand (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. Yes, researchers have indicated that method has been used for obtaining sample (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

Yes, the sampling method was adequate for producing a sample which is representative of the study population (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

No potential bias has been entertained throughout the study.

3. As per the informed consent, it has been collected from each one of the participants and approval from the institutional review board has been collected as well (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

Yes, the HIPAA privacy regulations have been followed throughout the conduction of the study (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

Answer the following, dependent on type of tools used in the study:

Scales and Questionnaires

1. Are the instruments clearly described? What are they? Explain

2. Are the techniques to administer, complete, and score the instruments provided? Explain

3. Are the reliability and validity of the instruments described? Did the researcher examine the reliability and validity of the instruments for the present sample? Explain all answers in detail.

1. Yes, instruments are clearly mentioned. They are post – discharge questionnaire tool (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. Yes, the techniques for administrating, completing and scoring are provided along with the name of the tool (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

3. Yes, the reliability as well as the validity of the instrument has been described (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

Yes, the validity as well as reliability of the instrument for the present sample have been examined by researchers (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

1. Is the data collection process clearly described and consistently implemented? What is it? Explain

2. Do the data collection methods address the research objectives, questions, or hypotheses? If so, explain

1. Yes, data collection process is described clearly. Data collection method that has been used is the primary data collection method which has been implemented constantly throughout the study (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. As, there was no mention of research objectives, research questions and research hypothesis, it cannot be stated that whether the data collection method address them or not. But it can be stated that the data collected method is aligned with the purpose of the study which is mentioned precisely in the study (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

1. Do the data analyses address each objective, question, or hypothesis? Explain

2. What statistical analyses are included in the research report? Are the data analysis procedures appropriate to the type of data collected? Explain

1. As, there is no mention of research objectives, research question and research hypothesis, it cannot be stated that whether the data analysis method has addressed each one of them or not (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. A retrospective group analysis including descriptive statistics is included in research report (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

Yes, procedure of data analysis is proper for type of collected data (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

1. What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings? Are the results related to the study framework? Explain

2. Which findings are consistent with those expected? Which findings are unexpected? Are significant and non-significant findings explained?

3. Were the statistically significant findings also examined for clinical significance? Explain

4. Are the study limitations identified and relevant? How so? Explain

5. What suggestions are made for further studies? Be specific

1. The researchers interpret that there has been low rate of admission as well as readmission with 30 days after discharge through the help of telephonic follow – up by the nurses (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

Yes, the result is related to the study framework.

2. The expected finding is that the percentage of readmission within thirty days after discharge has been reduced due to telephonic follow – up intervention. The unexpected finding is that the percentage of the admission to the emergency department is also reduced due to telephonic follow – up intervention by the nurses.

No, the significant as well as non – significant findings have not been explained in the study (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

3. Yes, the important findings have also been examined statistically for clinical significance (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

4. Yes, the limitations of the study have been identified besides they are relevant as well. Because, it is stated in the study report that the aggregated data has limited the capability of gathering clinical results of patients, also, it has been stated that there has been a lack of control of possibility of deviation from adhering to the research report (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

5. For further study, the present research report has suggested that a study with longer duration and longitudinal approach is required to establish the fact that has been established in this present report (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

1. Are the study findings consistent with those of previous research? Explain

2. Do you have confidence in the findings? How so? Explain

3. Do the findings add to nursing knowledge? How so? Explain
4. Are the findings ready for use in practice? How so? Explain

1. Study findings are consistent with some of the pre – research. Because, from the pre – research only, it has been known about the utility of the telephonic follow – up for the aged population with acute renal disease (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

2. Yes, I have confidence in the study findings. Because, the study has established this fact that telephonic follow – up helps in reducing readmission of the patients after 30 days of discharge (Briscoe, et al., 2018).

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3. Yes, the findings add to the nursing knowledge. Because, from this research report, a nurse can learn about the effectiveness and necessity of follow – up procedure for elder patients with end – stage renal disease (Briscoe, et al., 2018)Quantitative Critical Appraisal Guidelines Essay Paper.

4. No, the findings are not ready for use in study as the researchers themselves have reported that there is need to conduct a larger sample with longer duration sample type to actually apply the study findings (Briscoe, et al., 2018).