Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper

Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper

Health Care Policy: Analyze the healthcare policy-making process for improving the health status of populations. Assessment Rubric Rubric Criteria Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Part 1: State Legalization of Medical Marijuana and the Policy-Making Process Learning Objective 1.1: Apply the six-step policy process Response does not apply, applies fewer than six steps, or inaccurately applies the sixstep policy process. Response is not supported by references to relevant academic resources. Response accurately describes the problem, the agenda, the statement of need for policy formation, the policy that was adopted, how the policy was implemented, and how the policy was evaluated for effectiveness. Response is supported by references to relevant academic resources Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper.

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Rubric Criteria Needs Improvement Part 2: State Laws on Motorcycle Helmet Use Learning Objective Response does not describe 2.1: or inaccurately describes the Describe the potential impact of Michigan’s helmet impact of laws on use laws on injury and health public health as they and safety of others. pertain to Michigan’s helmet laws. Response is not supported by references to relevant academic resources. © 2020 Walden University Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response draws a clear connection between the impacts of policy and policy formulation. Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Response accurately describes the two factors impacting Michigan’s helmet use laws on injury and the health and safety of others. Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response describes three Response describes the factors impacting Michigan’s benefit to society for decreased helmet use laws on injury death and significant injuries 1 and includes a hypothesis regarding potential of reduced long-term care. Learning Objective 2.2: Explain the need for public policy to protect individuals and bystanders from harm.

Response does not explain or partially explains the need for public policy to protect motorcyclists and bystanders from harm but contains logical fallacies or fails to provide evidence. Response is not supported by references to relevant academic resources. Rubric Criteria Needs Improvement Response is supported by references to relevant academic resources. Response logically explains two reasons for why public policy is needed to protect motorcyclists and bystanders from harm. Response is supported by references to relevant academic resources. Meets Expectations and the health and safety of others. Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response logically explains three reasons for why public policy is needed to protect motorcyclists and bystanders from harm. Exceeds Expectations Part 3: Policies on Mandatory HIV Testing and Counseling Learning Objective 3.1: Describe the costs, benefits, and challenges of mandatory health testing and counseling. © 2020 Walden University Response does not describe, inaccurately or incompletely describes the costs related to HIV testing and HIV counseling. Response attempts to enumerate a benefit of HIV testing and counseling but description is inaccurate or incomplete; response Response accurately describes the costs related to HIV testing and HIV counseling. Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response clearly enumerates one benefit of HIV testing and counseling; response describes the problems associated with HIV testing and counseling and describes Response thoroughly describes more than one cost and benefit to HIV testing and counseling. 2 attempts to describe how HIV testing and counseling affects public health, but response is inaccurate. how HIV testing and counseling affect public health. Response thoroughly describes at least one barrier to the utilization of HIV testing and how it might be overcome. Response attempts to identify at least one barrier to the utilization of HIV testing but does not describe how it might be overcome. Response is supported by references to relevant Response is not supported by academic resources. references to relevant academic resources. Rubric Criteria Needs Improvement Response identifies both individual- and societal-level impacts of HIV testing and counseling on public health. Response offers more than one barrier to the utilization of HIV testing and potential solutions to overcome these obstacles Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper.

Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Response clearly describes two relevant policies that were put in place to protect public health from COVID-19 patients. Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Part 4: Policies on COVID Pandemic Learning Objective 4.1 Describe how policies in public health impact the health of citizens. Response does not describe or only describes one policy that was put in place to protect the health of citizens from COVID-19 patients or provides policy descriptions that are unclear or incomplete. Response thoroughly describes the impact of the policies on public health. Response fails to describe the Response is supported by impact of these COVID-19 interventions on public health. references to relevant academic resources. © 2020 Walden University Response clearly describes more than two relevant policies that were in place to protect public health from COVID-19 patients. 3 Learning Objective 4.2 Justify policies designed to protect the public from infection. Rubric Criteria Response does not provide, provides an illogical or unclear justification for policies designed to protect public health. Response is not supported by references to relevant academic resources. Needs Improvement Response provides a logical justification for policies designed to protect public health. Response is supported by references to relevant academic resources. Meets Expectations Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response is written substantively and thoroughly related to these topics. Exceeds Expectations Part 5: Healthcare Policies: Advocacy and Civic Engagement Learning Objective 5.1: Describe the role of advocacy and civic engagement in policymaking efforts. Rubric Criteria Response does not describe, incompletely or unclearly describes the role of advocacy and civic engagement in policy efforts related to the issue selected. Response thoroughly describes the role that advocacy and civic engagement play in policy efforts related to the issue selected. Response includes facts from only one side of any issue. Response includes the facts on both sides of each issue. Response is not supported by references to relevant academic resources. Response is supported by references to relevant academic resources. Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response is written substantively and thoroughly related to these topics. Exceeds Expectations Part 6: Healthcare Policies: Special Interest Groups and Public Policy © 2020 Walden University 4 Learning Objective 6.1: Describe how special interest groups affect public policy. Response does not provide or provides a partial or incomplete description of how special interest groups affect public policy. Response provides an irrelevant or incomplete example of how special interest groups exert influence on public policy. Response is not supported by references to relevant academic resources. © 2020 Walden University Response thoroughly describes how two special interest groups affect public policy. Response demonstrates the same level of achievement as “Meets,” plus the following: Response provides one specific example for each special interest group that illustrates how special interest groups affect public policy. Response is written substantively and thoroughly related to these topics. Response is supported by references to relevant academic resources. 5 Overview Instructions Access the following to complete this Assessment: • • • • • • • • Liberal Arts Instructional Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper

Technology. (n.d.). The public policy process. University of Texas at Austin: Texas Liberal Arts. https://www.laits.utexas.edu/gov310/PEP/policy/ Huntington’s Outreach Project for Education, at Stanford. (2012). Medical marijuana policy in the United States. Stanford University. http://web.stanford.edu/group/hopes/cgi-bin/hopes_test/medicalmarijuana-policy-in-the-united-states/ Highway Loss Data Institute. (2017). The effects of Michigan’s weakened motorcycle helmet use law on insurance losses – five years later. Bulletin, 34(36). https://www.iihs.org/media/0d9cc50f-7edc-4ce4-990ec5e88dbfcde5/4PyfCA/HLDI%20Research/Bulletins/hldi_bulletin_34.36.pd f Borck, N. C. (2014). Weaker helmet laws increase motorcycle fatalities. Laborers’ Health & Safety Fund of North America. http://www.lhsfna.org/index.cfm/lifelines/june-2014/weaker-helmet-lawsincrease-motorcycle-fatalities/ Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Highway Loss Data Institute. (2015). Motorcycle helmet use. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. https://www.iihs.org/topics/motorcycles Sher, L. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(10), 707–712. https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/113/10/707/5857612 Betsch, C., Korn, L., Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., & Böhm, R. (2020). Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36), 21851–21853. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/36/21851 Academic Writing Expectations Checklist Rubric This Assessment requires submission of one (1) document for all six parts of your Final Assessment. Save your file as LE002_firstinitial_lastname (for example, LE002_J_Smith). There are many ways that regulations, policies, and special interest groups affect the daily lives of individuals and health care organizations. The following six scenarios relate to these issues and demonstrate the impact policies have on our lives Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper.

This assessment has six-parts. Click each of the items below for more information on this Assessment. Part One: State Legalization of Medical Marijuana and the Policy-Making Process o o Research the process by which state legalization of medical marijuana in California (Proposition 215, the Compassionate Use Act) occurred. Using the six-part policy-making process outlined below, describe what happened at each stage. Please refer to “Medical Marijuana Policy in the United States” provided with the Assessment documents. You may identify another state that is considering legalization of medical marijuana and is in the process of going through this policy process, and where in the process they currently find themselves. The Six Stage Public Policy Process: ▪ Problem Identification: Problems that may potentially make their way onto the public policy agenda are recognized. (1–2 paragraphs) ▪ Agenda Setting: Problems that are deemed worthy of attention are placed on the agenda. (1–2 paragraphs) ▪ Policy Making: Various policies are crafted to deal with the problem that has been set on the agenda and an official policy is agreed upon. (1–2 paragraphs) ▪ Budgeting: The amount of money to spend on a policy must be determined. (1–2 paragraphs) ▪ Policy Implementation: The public policy that has been officially agreed upon is put into action. (1–2 paragraphs) ▪ Policy Analysis and Evaluation: The implemented policy is evaluated for its effectiveness. (1–2 paragraphs) For more information about the six steps, review the following website: Public Policy Process American Politics. University of Texas. http://www.laits.utexas.edu/gov310/PEP/policy/ Part Two: State Laws on Motorcycle Helmet Use The • • Use the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) data from “Motorcycle Helmet Use—State Laws,” and the “The Effects of Michigan’s Weakened Motorcycle Helmet Use Law on Insurance Losses,” provided in the Assessment documents, and other research you find on your own, to review data on states with partial helmet laws. Review https://www.iihs.org/topics/motorcycles to address the following: o Describe at least two impacts on injuries when Michigan weakened its helmet use laws. (2–3 paragraphs) o Justify the need for helmet use laws to protect motorcyclists and bystanders. In what ways does not wearing a helmet while operating a motorcycle impact the health and safety of other citizens? (1 page) Part Three: Policies on Mandatory HIV Testing and Counseling • After researching this topic, describe at least one cost and one benefit of mandatory HIV testing and counseling. Include ways it may or may not increase population health Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper.

In addition, describe at least one barrier to HIV testing and HIV counseling, and describe how overcoming these barriers might increase population health. (1–2 pages) Part Four: Policies on COVID-19 • Use the example of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and related articles (provided with the Assessment documents) to complete the following: o Describe two policies that were put into place to protect the public from infection, and what impact these policies had on public health. (1 page) o Provide a rationale for these kinds of policies to someone who argues that they infringe too much on individual liberties. (1 page) Part Five: Healthcare Policies: Advocacy and Civic Engagement • • Choose one of the following three issues and research the role advocacy and civic engagement have played in advancing these issues: o Prevention of smoking cigarettes in public spaces o Reduction in child obesity rates o Increased penalties for drunk driving Describe the role that advocacy and civic engagement played in advancing these policy-making efforts for the issue you selected. (1–2 pages) Part Six: Special Interest Groups and Public Policy • •

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How do special interest groups seek to affect public policy? Choose two special interest groups and explain their purpose. (1 paragraph for each interest group) Choose an issue for each of the special interest groups and explain the impact the special interest group has had on this issue. (2 paragraphs for each interest group) (examples: American Hospital Association, American Medical Association, NAACP, Coalition to Stop Gun Violence) Go to National Interest Groups to find more special interest groups https://usapoliticaldatabase.weebly.com/list-of-interest-groups.html Part Seven: Healthcare Policies: Advocacy and Civic Engagement • To better understand public perception of public health practices, interview a friend, family member, or colleague regarding the advantage perceived by state laws or state recommendations on one of the following topics: o Prevention of childhood obesity through a healthy diet in school meals, o Adult immunization for COVID-19 o Required helmet laws for motorcyclists Describe the topic you selected. Then, describe your interviewee in terms of gender, age, and geographic location. Finally, explain your interviewee’s perspective on public health practices, how that perception might be influenced by his or her age, gender, or geographic location and whether you shared any common concerns with your interviewee. Healthcare Policy Assignment Discussion Paper