A Literature Review Nursing Research
A Literature Review, Nursing Research
Critiquing Research Designs
- Is this research design quasi-experimental?
I agree that this research is a quasi-experimental design. It aims to establish the relationship between back massage and chemotherapy-related fatigue and anxiety. Additionally, this research does not depend on random assignment, but rather the authors have assigned subjects to groups based on non-random criteria.
- What are the independent and dependent variables?
Back massage is the independent variable, while chemotherapy-related fatigue and anxiety are dependent variables.
- The use of randomization to regulate confounding variables
The researchers used randomization to regulate confounding variables. The study had a total of 40 participants. Twenty were assigned to the intervention group, while the remaining 20 were in the control group. The first three participants and the second three participants were assigned to the intervention group and the control group. This criterion continued until all the participants were assigned to the two groups. Randomization reduces the differences since patients with similar characteristics were assigned to both groups. A Literature Review Nursing Research
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- Is the study longitudinal or cross-sectional?
The study was cross-sectional since the researchers interviewed a fresh sample population during data collection.
Rigor and Validity in Quantitative Research
- Evidence indicating that the selection biases were eliminated
Selection bias was eliminated in this study by assigning an equal number of participants with similar characteristics to both groups. The report indicates that the first three participants and the second three participants were assigned to the intervention and control groups. This criterion continued until all the participants were assigned to the two groups.
- Threats to the construct validity of the study
No threats are facing the construct validity of the study.
- Balancing validity concerns?
The researchers balanced validity concerns appropriately. The research methodology measured the relationship between back massage and chemotherapy-related fatigue and anxiety. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged between 0.83 and 0.92, indicating a high validity.
Sampling in Quantitative Research
- Study population, eligibility criteria, and sample selection procedures.
The researchers identified their study population. Their sample population was 40
patients. The first eligibility criterion for the participants was not having speech and hearing problems. These challenges would compromise data collection. It would be difficult for individuals with speech and hearing problems to answer study questions through face-to-face or telephone interviews. Secondly, eligible participants must have received their third and fourth chemotherapy cycles. Massive side effects of chemotherapy are mainly observed during these cycles. Furthermore, qualified respondents had one-day chemotherapy to allow them to receive the message for the same duration on the same day. Another eligibility criterion was receiving chemotherapy for a maximum of 8 hours. Chemotherapy that lasted for less than 8 hours could allow all the participants to get feedback within the same duration. Besides, the participants were not supposed to have open wounds and fractures. Finally, the respondents were not supposed to have an active working life during the chemotherapy process. This characteristic was to ensure that the respondents were not experiencing work-related fatigue and insomnia. The sample selection procedures were clearly described. The qualified participants were patients who underwent one-day chemotherapy and received their third and fourth chemotherapy treatments in the care unit.A Literature Review Nursing Research
- Recruitment for the sample?
Participants were recruited upon meeting the eligibility criteria. The researchers selected patients who underwent one-day chemotherapy and received their third and fourth chemotherapy treatments in the care unit. Additionally, the selected participants were receiving chemotherapy for a maximum of 8 hours for the same duration. This sample selection technique does not suggest potential biases. The eligibility criteria have minimized the possibility of bias.
- Sampling technique
This study used nonprobability sampling. The samples were selected based on the researcher’s subjective judgment. This sampling technique is mainly applied in qualitative research. All the study population members had an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study.
- 11. External validity
The study sample supports external validity inferences since the findings can be generalized to fit other patient populations, such as individuals receiving the first and second chemotherapy cycles.
Data Collection in Quantitative Research
- Data collection methods
Personal interviews were utilized as a data collection technique in this study. The sample population was interviewed through face to face talks or on telephone calls. The researcher filled the BFI during the interview. Responses were filled after answering each question or after addressing all the interview questions.
- Data collection procedures
The report provided adequate details about data collection procedures. The interview is discussed as the primary data collection criteria. Participants were interviewed through a face-to-face interview or telephone calls. It was stated that data was collected in the unit during the chemotherapy process. The data was collected following a back massage for approximately 15 minutes before the infusion, from 25th to 40th minutes in every one hour during the treatment, and for 15 minutes after the therapy. Responses were documented in various forms, including personal Information, STAI, and BFI forms. Six patients from the intervention group and the control group who visited the chemotherapy unit were involved in the pre-implementation process, which was conducted after obtaining permission from relevant authorities. The actual study was initiated following the pre-implementation process.A Literature Review Nursing Research
Data collectors
The researchers in the unit collected data. Data collectors were trained on how to gather the required details during the study. They started by applying the back massage according to the training. Additionally, integrity was maintained by data collectors during the massage treatment and interview process.
- What guided the data collectors?
The data collectors were blinded to study hypotheses. They focused on establishing the relationship between back massage and chemotherapy-related fatigue and anxiety.
References
Karagozoglu, S., & Kahve, E. (2013). Effects of back massage on chemotherapy-related fatigue and anxiety: Supportive care and therapeutic touch in cancer nursing. Applied Nursing Research, 26(4), 210-217. A Literature Review Nursing Research