Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper

Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper

Diabetes may manifest itself in a variety of ways, including type 1, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetics are insulin-dependent because their bodies are unable to generate the hormone insulin on their own. Juvenile diabetes is another name for this condition. Individuals with type 2 diabetes have a problem known as insulin resistance, which is a condition in which their bodies are unable to properly respond to the hormone insulin. Gestational diabetes occurs when the body’s responsiveness to the hormone insulin is reduced. This type of diabetes primarily concerns expectant mothers, although it resolves after childbirth Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper.

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Type 2 diabetes will be the primary emphasis of this discussion. Metformin is the most often recommended medicine for treating type 2 diabetes. Its role is to cause the liver to limit gluconeogenesis while simultaneously increasing the responsiveness to insulin, allowing the insulin hormone to be utilized more efficiently (Foretz et al., 2019). Oral administration of metformin is accomplished by the use of liquid medication, a tablet, or an extended-release tablet. In order to get the most benefit from Metformin in form of liquid, individuals should consume it with meals once or twice daily (Foretz et al., 2019). Metformin normal tablets should be used with meals twice to thrice daily, while Metformin extended-release tablets should be used once a daily, preferably with dinner. Metformin is commonly given in doses ranging from 500 to 2500 mg, and it is normally given with meals in order to minimize gastrointestinal disturbance (Foretz et al., 2019). Smoking should be avoided by individuals taking this medicine. High-fiber diets should be avoided by individuals who are using Metformin medications since fiber may diminish the absorption of the medication and bind it (Jannasch et al., 2017) Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper.

When type 2 diabetes is present, the short-term outcomes include hypoglycemia, as well as hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), which is markedly elevated blood glucose. Heart disease as an outcome of artery impairment caused by elevated blood sugar is one of the long-term impacts. Heart attacks are more likely to occur when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are elevated, which is triggered by diabetes. Depression, kidney problems, nerve damage, foot ulcers, and vision issues are among the other long-term impacts of type 2 diabetes (Papatheodorou et al., 2018)Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper.

References

Foretz, M., Guigas, B., & Viollet, B. (2019). Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(10), 569-589. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0242-2

Jannasch, F., Kröger, J., & Schulze, M. B. (2017). Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. The Journal of Nutrition, 147(6), 1174-1182. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.242552

Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., & Edmonds, M. (2018). Complications of diabetes 2017. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167

Each year, 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2019). If left untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. There are various methods for treating diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations. For this Discussion, you compare types of diabetes, including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Reference: American Diabetes Association. (2019). Statistics about diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/ To Prepare • Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. • Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion. • Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment. • Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments. By Day 3 of Week 5 Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper.

Learning Resources Required Readings (click to expand/reduce) Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. • Chapter 48, “Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 397–415) • Chapter 49, “Drugs for Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 416–424) American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73–S85. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf This article provides guidance on pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment as it pertains to treating patients with diabetes. Reflect on the content of this article as you continue to examine potential drug treatments for patients with diabetes. Document: Mid-Term Summary & Study Guide (PDF) Rubric Detail Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout. Name: NURS_6521_Week5_Discussion_Rubric • Grid View • List View Excellent Good Fair Poor Main Posting 45 (45%) – 50 (50%) Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. Supported by at least three current, credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to some of the discussion question(s). One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Post is cited with two credible sources. Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors. 0 (0%) – 34 (34%) Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately. Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper.

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Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible sources. Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style. Main Post: Timeliness 10 (10%) – 10 (10%) Posts main post by day 3 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Does not post by day 3 First Response 17 (17%) – 18 (18%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. . Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 15 (15%) – 16 (16%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. . Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 13 (13%) – 14 (14%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 12 (12%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. Second Response 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. . Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 12 (12%) – 13 (13%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. . Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 11 (11%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. Participation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days. 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_6521_Week5_Discussion_Rubric  Diabetes and Drug Treatments Discussion Paper