Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

Assessing and Diagnosing Patient with Substance Related Disorder

Patient Information: Initials: S.H Gender: F Age: 9

Patient: Sarah Higgins

Subjective:

CC: I have trouble paying attention at school”

HPI: S. H. is a 9-year-old African-American girl who presents to the clinic with her mother for a psychiatric assessment. At school, the patient has been unable to pay attention for long periods of time. S.H acknowledges that she is unable to recall all of her tasks, and as a result, the tutors are forced to list down of her homework. A daily occurrence is that the patient misplaces the list, and this happens nearly every time. For the child to remember to do things, the mother must compose a list on her phone and have it nearby. She claims that since kindergarten, her daughter has been forgetting her homework. Additionally, the child has difficulty staying still in her seat and fidgets often. Whenever she’s reading a good book, she just sits for a few of minutes. She does, also state that she is unable to recollect any of the information she has gained from reading the book. She would also struggle to recall what is being read to her by her tutor. The child also has a natural inclination to misplace items Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper.

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER HERE

Past Psychiatric History:

Denies any past mental history

  • General Statement: H started therapy two months ago, after her parents separated.
  • Caregivers (if applicable): Parents
  • Hospitalizations: denies any prior hospitalizations
  • Medication trials: denies past psychiatric
  • Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: Denies any past psycho
  • Substance Current Use and History: No substance use history
  • Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Father, 36, alcoholic, mother, 32, no psychiatric conditions. No family history of mental disorders or suicides.
  • Psychosocial History: Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

S.H is the only child of her parents, who are separated. Her parents are presently working on a divorce agreement. The father works as a database manager for a huge information technology company, while the mother is a dentist. When it comes to school, the youngster is an average performer. She receives unsatisfactory grades on occasion as a result of her poor concentration. She claims that her mother is her major support system. She has a pet dog that she enjoy spending time with. Her best friend is the child who lives next door, and the two have been friends from preschool.

Medical History:

No history of hospitalizations or surgeries. All childhood vaccinations are current including Tdap, tetanus booster, and influenza shot.

  • Current Medications: None
  • Allergies: Penicillin- No food allergies or latex allergies.
  • Reproductive Hx: Deferred
  • Past Medical History: None Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

 

ROS:

GENERAL: Denies weight loss, fever, chills, and fatigue.

HEENT: Denies visual problems, hearing problems and ear pain. Denies sinus problems. Denies neck pain or injury.

SKIN: Denies rash, itching or lesions.

Cardiovascular/Peripheral Vascular: Denies chest pain, heart palpitations, murmurs, or edema.

RESPIRATORY: Denies breathing problems.

GASTROINTESTINAL: Normal bowel movements. Denies anorexia, nausea or vomiting.

GENITOURINARY: Denies pain or urinary changes.

NEUROLOGICAL: Positive for irregular sleeping patterns. Denies sleeplessness, reduced energy, and suicidal ideation.

MUSCULOSKELETAL: Denies back pain, muscle pain, joint pain or swelling. HEMATOLOGY: Denies anemia, bleeding, or bruising.

LYMPHATICS: Denies enlarged nodes, or history of splenectomy

ENDOCRINE: Denies heat or cold intolerance, or sweating.

PSYCHIATRIC: Denies symptoms of depression or anxiety. Reports lack of attention.

Allergic/Immunologic: Denies asthma, hives or immunologic condition.

Objective:

Physical exam: Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

Vitals: T- 97.4 P- 62 R 14 95/60 Ht 4’5 Wt 63lbs

CONSTITUTIONAL: polite inattentive looking girl. She appears well-developed, well-groomed, and well-nourished.

 

HEENT: Normocehalic and atraumatic head. 20/20 vision bilaterally, sclera pink, conjunctiva pink and moist. No inflamed TM noted noted.

HEART: S1 and S2 audible, RRR with no rhonchi, gallops, rubs.

CHEST: Regular and unlabored respiration. No wheezes noted NEUROLOGICAL: Steady gait and balance

PSYCHIATRIC: some degree of inattentiveness noted since the patient appears to be unable to hear the questions being asked.

Diagnostic results: Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale-Revised: Positive of inattentiveness, poor memory, and daydreaming.

The Conners Teacher Rating Scale-Revised is an instrument that enables instructors better recognize developmental and behavioral, social, and cognitive issues in children between the ages of six and eighteen. It is widely used to make the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (ADHD)Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper.

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER HERE

Assessment:

Mental Status Examination:

S.H is a 9-year-old girl who has achieved all of her developmental milestones. She is properly attired, and she has no tattoos on her body. Throughout the interview, she seems inattentive and does not maintain her position in the seat. Besides that, she is restless, fidgety, and prone to forgetting things. Her speech is within the average range, however it might be a little loud at times owing to her impulsive behavior. When asked what she and her interviewer were talking about, she said she only remembered talking to her dog. A very pleasant girl, she has no signs of being depressed. She does not show any signs of irritability or anger.  No racing thoughts or rushed utterances. There are no indications of delusions and hallucinations in this patient. She has intact and rational thought content that is suitable for her age. There were no evidence of suicidal or homicidal thoughts.

She has poor attention and recent recollection, as shown by her failure to recall the contents of the interview. The fact that her mother needs to remind her that she is being asked a question indicates some amount of poor concentration. Everything else is intact, including her abstraction, remote memory, and orientation.

Differential Diagnoses:

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined presentation (F90.2):

ADHD is a mental condition that has been identified as having a negative influence on children’s ability to perform basic functions. Patients who suffer from this condition exhibit symptoms such as inattentiveness, restlessness, or impulsive behavior that are developmentally unsuitable (Limberg et al., 2018). The inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity that have characterized the mixed presentation during the previous six months have been particularly notable. The child fits the majority of the criteria for being diagnosed with this illness. During the interview, the girl seems to be inattentive to some extent. Additionally, the child’s tutor revealed that she had difficulty paying attention at school. While at school, the patient claims to daydream about playing with her dog. The patient has difficulty remembering her homework Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper.

Specific learning disorder (F 81.0)

This disorder refers to a disturbance in at least one of the fundamental psychological processes that are essential in comprehending or utilizing language, whether written or spoken, and that manifests itself in poor capacity to talk, read, listen, pronounce, write, or do basic arithmetic. It encompasses illnesses like minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, brain damage, and sensory difficulties (Vidyadharan & Tharayil, 2019). S.H exhibited certain learning difficulties, including not being able to recall what the instructor had read. This was considered a probable diagnosis. A specific learning disability was eliminated as the key diagnosis for this child due to the fact that she is an average student who gets average scores at school.

Generalized anxiety disorder (F41. 1) Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

This is a psychiatric condition characterized by intense anxiety or worry about a variety of situations, including attending school or attending a social function. Additional physical symptoms, like uneasiness, stomach distress, or muscle tension, are often experienced in conjunction with this psychiatric condition. Children who suffer from GAD may exhibit anxious feelings about their own competency or school performance, as well as for the wellbeing of their family and friends (Foo et al., 2018).  In this case, the diagnosis of GAD is excluded since the girl did exhibit unpleasant uneasiness but did not exhibit any extreme concern that would be consistent with the GAD criteria.

Reflections:

This case provided me with a new perspective on how parents might get puzzled about issues impacting their children. The patient’s father believed that their girl’s lack of attention was a behavioral problem, whereas the mother believed that it was a mental condition requiring prompt medical attention. It was also revealed to me that household concerns, including an upcoming divorce, might exacerbate the amount of poor concentration in youngsters with ADHD. From this case situation, I would seek out the father’s viewpoint on his daughter’s state. Regardless of what the couple was dealing with, I would urge them to go through with the consultations with their daughter in attendance Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper.

References

Adeboye, M. A. N., Akande, T. M., Osagbemi, G. K., Buhari, O. I. N., Abdulkadir, M. B., & Ojuawo, A. (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Ilorin: Screening with the Conner’s teachers’ rating scale. Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 10(1), 33-41. https://sljbr.org/index.php/sjbmr/article/view/66

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Substance related and addictive disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.

Foo Kune, N. M., & Unsworth, S. (2018). F41.1 generalized anxiety disorder. An ICD–10–CM casebook and workbook for students: Psychological and behavioral conditions, 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000069-009

Limberg, B., Peña, R. M., Davidson, B., & Yeagley, C. B. (2018). F90.0 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. An ICD–10–CM casebook and workbook for students: Psychological and behavioral conditions, 203-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000069-017

Vidyadharan, V., & Tharayil, H. M. (2019). Learning disorder or learning disability: Time to rethink. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(3), 276-278. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_371_18 Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

Neurodevelopmental disorders begin in the developmental period of childhood and may continue through adulthood. They may range from the very specific to a general or global impairment, and often co-occur (APA, 2013). They include specific learning and language disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disabilities. Neurocognitive disorders, on the other hand, represent a decline in one or more areas of prior mental function that is significant enough to impact independent functioning. They may occur at any time in life and be caused by factors such brain injury; diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or Huntington’s; infection; or stroke, among others. Please note that the video cases may not have all the necessary information needed for your evaluation. Supplementary case histories are provided. Rather than write “not provided” in your evaluations, be sure to use the fact sheets to fill in gaps. For any information still missing, explain what information is needed and why it is important. Select one of the following videos to use for your Assignment this week Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper

Then, access the document “Case History Reports” and review the additional data about the patient in the specific video number you selected. Complete and submit your Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: • Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? • Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment?  • Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5 criteria rule out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. • Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this client if you could conduct the session over? Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion and disease prevention taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.).Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example Paper