NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay
Selected Infectious Disease
The selected infection disease of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a reemerging disease that has had many outbreaks over the years worldwide. E. coli bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals, are harmless and an important part of a healthy human intestinal tract, however, some E. coli are pathogenic, meaning they can cause illness, either diarrhea or illness outside of the intestinal tract (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018). Illness-causing E. coli can be transmitted by contaminated water or food, or through contact with another person or animal. The last outbreak of E. coli occurred from July 5 to July 25, 2018, in ground beef products, infecting 18 people with the strain of Shiga toxin, hospitalizing six people, and causing one death (CDC, 2018). NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay
Investigative Process
When a food borne disease outbreak is detected, public health and regulatory officials work quickly to collect as much information as possible to find out what is causing it, so they can take action to prevent more people from getting sick (CDC, 2018). For this outbreak, the investigative process involves collecting data on epidemiological, trackback, and food and environmental testing. Epidemiological data looks at the geographic location, the time period of sickness, and any past outbreaks with the same outbreak. Trackback data reviews records from restaurants and stores where people got sick and assesses the environment for food safety risks. And the food and environmental testing investigate the germ that caused the illness in relation to the associated DNA fingerprint. NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay
Epidemiological Triangle
In explaining the etiology of infectious disease, the epidemiological triangle is used to recognize three major factors – agent, environment, and host (Friis & Sellers, 2014, p. 498). The agent is the microbe that causes the disease, the host is the organism in which the agent harbors the disease, and the environment is any external factors that allow disease transmission. For the selected outbreak, the agent is the bacteria E. coli, the environment is contaminated food or ground beef, and the host is anyone that was exposed to the agent.
Interventions and Lack Of
In order to further curtail human illness and ensure a safe and wholesome food supply, reduction controls and interventions are divided into 3 broad categories: 1) management practices and transport, 2) cattle water and feed management, and 3) live animal treatments (Callaway, 2010). The three categories can be met by cleaning of facilities where cattle are being held, chlorination and cleaning of trough, shift in diet of cattle (forage-fed, direct-fed microbial, organic acids, seaweed products, and citrus pulp and peels), washing the hide of cattle with organic acids or ozonated water, and vaccinating cattle (Callaway, 2010). Along with these strategies, there need to be procedures in place for good sanitation in the processing plant and during food preparation. Lack of education to people working in animal treatment facilities and meat handlers in the marketplace about the importance of disinfection and proper handling of meat may contribute to the spread of E. coli outbreak. NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay
Efforts to Control Outbreak
It is essential that ongoing efforts are in place from public health agencies in preventing and controlling the spread of disease. CDC has a long history of working with state, local, and territorial public health departments on food borne illness investigations (CDC). At the federal level, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts infectious disease surveillance for a list of nationally notifiable diseases from data voluntarily collected by states and investigates epidemics and outbreaks and does research and public education (Maxwell, 2014, p. 100). This is also done on the international level by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Description of the Toxin.
Escherichia coli commonly known as e coli are Gram-negative dowel wrought bacteria that are found in the subordinate innards of the warm-blooded animals or rather the endothermic creature genus,Sussman, 154. A large amount of the E coli types are not detrimental but serotype 0157:H7 is able to pilot to the significant food poisoning cases that human being would be subjected to as long as they get into place.
The nontoxic kinds of the microbes are part of the standard gut system flora and they are advantageous to the host. This is because they have the capability to produce Vitamin k2.They are also able to bar the naissance of the pathogenic bacteria within the bowels which is an advantage from their charisma too.
The aptitudes of the microorganisms to stay for a sizeable time outside the intestines make possible the testing of the fecal matter for its existence in the body. It is a bacterium that can be full-fledged basically and the unfussiness of genetic manipulations through metagenic processes makes it one of the most premeditated prokaryotic bacteria, which is momentous to the disciplines of Microbiology and Biotechnology. NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay
2. Where it can be found
An Escherichia coli bacterium is found in the innards of endothermic animal genus. It is established as the typical char floral moldings and it aids with the fabrication of Vitamin k2 as well as the deterrence of the injurious microbes augmentation. It is tested for in the fecal matter.
3. Effects on Cellular Process.
The Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, found in human’s does through the usage of its fimbriae, amassed the tissue culture cells in the human bodies. More to this, they are able to produce Haemolysin and an ST Entrotoxin that kills the cellular processes radically.
4. Impact on Human Health.
From Good sell, 124, Escherichia coli are useful in that they aid the fabrication of Vitamin K2 and the prevention of harmful bacteria from growth. Regarding this, it is in one way assisting the health of human beings in greater magnitude. On the other hand, the Stereotype 0157:H7 can cause critical food poisoning, which is not good for human health. The bacteria root diseases such as Gastroenteritis and the Urinary swathe infections as well as the Neonatal Meningitis. More to this, the virulent type of bacteria can also cause Mastitis and the Gram-negative pneumonia. Thus, it can as well affect the human health in a negative way.NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay
5. How to avoid the Health risk.
The infections that are related to the bacteria are the well being hazards and should be avoided through the utilization of well cooked meat and the usage of the animal protein thermometer to ensure that they are well cooked and do not relay of the change of color only when cooking meat. It is too advisable to wash hands after one encounters raw meat as well as the usage of different platter when ferrying cooked meat from the grill and not the one used to take them there. Ingestion of pasteurized beverages only is positive as well as avoiding the drinking of puddle and tarn water.
It is advisable too that if someone is served an uncooked hamburger for instance in a restaurant, he or she should send it back to the kitchen and never shy away for a better cooking. In addition, people should avoid the spread of harmful bacteria in the kitchen by the disjointing of uncooked and fit for human consumption food especially meat. It is also relative to thoroughly wash the utensils with soapy water after they are used to handle meat products. A thorough washing of fruits and their peeling before consumption is essential for the avoidance and mitigation of the health risks.NURS 6700 Wk 9 Discussion Essay