Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis refers to an acute syndrome that affects a patient caused by direct or indirect muscle damage (Cervellin et al., 2017). More so, the condition may lead to the release of dead muscle fibres direct to the bloodstream. In such a case, the state may develop severe infections, thus causing complications characterized by renal failure. This paper discusses the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis of acute renal failure.Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis
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The condition’s pathophysiology comprises skeletal muscle cells that are involved during contraction, thus triggering a voluntary impulse by a nerve impulse (Mukund & Subramaniam, 2020). Besides, the nerve impulse is moved on to a cell membrane known as sarcolemma. The thin cell membrane act as a mediator as well as a physical barrier between external signals and cells. In the case of healthy myocytes, the sarcolemma involves various pumps that are involved in controlling the cellular electrochemical exchange. The exchange of chemical ions involves sodium and potassium.
Also, in a normal state, the ion exchange involves the expulsion of sodium ions from the muscles and potassium extraction in the muscles. The exchange of ions in the gradient requires energy built upon the removal of calcium by altering the intracellular electrical gradient process during the expulsion of sodium ions. The storage of calcium is done in the sarcoplasm reticulum, and then it is released during muscular contraction. In case, both extrusions of sodium and efflux of calcium are impaired, leading to damaging the cell. Acute renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose the ability to control the elimination of excess salts, waste, and fluid from the blood (Coulthard, 2016). During this stage, the body fluids build uprising to a dangerous level due to a lack of filtration.Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis
References
Cervellin, G., Comelli, I., Benatti, M., Sanchis-Gomar, F., Bassi, A., & Lippi, G. (2017). Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis: background, laboratory features, and acute clinical management. Clinical biochemistry, 50(12), 656-662.
Coulthard, M. G. (2016). The management of neonatal acute and chronic renal failure: a review. Early human development, 102, 25-29.
Mukund, K., & Subramaniam, S. (2020). Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine, 12(1), e1462. Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis