Patient with Described Symptoms Paper

Patient with Described Symptoms Paper

Question A 65-year-old patient is 8 days post op after a total knee replacement. Patient suddenly complains of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and palpitations. On arrival to the emergency department, an EKG revealed new onset atrial fibrillation and right ventricular strain pattern – T wave inversions in the right precordial leads (V1-4) ± the inferior leads (II, III, aVF) • Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described. • Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. • Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.Patient with Described Symptoms Paper

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Advanced Pathophysiology

Why Patient Presented with Described Symptoms

New-onset atrial fibrillation is often linked to various severe conditions, like myocardial infarction, infection, and surgery (Evavold et al., 2016). Approximately most of the post-operational atrial fibrillation occurrences are correlated with surgery (Evavold et al . , 2016). The patient’s mentioned symptoms are thereby supported by this. There are commonly numerous predictive and epidemiological elements correlated to postoperative atrial fibrillation. Ethnicity, male gender, old age, chronic renal disease, and congestive heart failure and are usually the major factors.

Genes that may be Associated with the Development of the Disease

KCNQ1 is among the key genes involved in familial atrial fibrillation. This gene is part of a bigger gene family that provides directions for the creation of potassium networks (Ragab et al., 2020). The networks are built into the extracellular domain of the muscle cells of the heart. The networks carry potassium ions that are charged positively out of cells. They serve an essential part in the development and propagation of electrical impulses in a cell.

Process of Immunosuppression and the Effect it has on Body Systems

The immunosuppression process involves a reduction in the stimulation or efficiency of the immune system. The immune system as a whole has a range of segments that carry natural immunosuppressive impacts that influence various elements of the system. Even so, immunosuppression can also develop as an adverse response to the management of other disorders. Primary sources of immunosuppression are immunosuppressant medications, preexisting acute conditions, aging, and malnutrition. Immunosuppression affects the body’s processes through, for instance, minimizing the body’s potential to combat pathogens and illnesses.Patient with Described Symptoms Paper

References

Adams, D. H., Sanchez-Fueyo, A., & Samuel, D. (2015). From immunosuppression to tolerance. Journal of hepatology, 62(1), S170-S185.

Evavold, C., Lessing, J., Tzou, W., & Merritt, F. (2016). Should patients who develop postoperative atrial fibrillation start anticoagulation?. The Hospitalist, 2016(5).

Ragab, A. A., Sitorus, G. D., Brundel, B. B., & de Groot, N. M. (2020). The Genetic Puzzle of Familial Atrial Fibrillation. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 7. Patient with Described Symptoms Paper