Pharmacology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper
Circumstances under Which Children Should be Prescribed Off-Label Drugs
There are specific situations in which children can be administered medications off-label. One of the instances under which a child can lawfully be prescribed an off-label medication occurs in the event of an incident, such as if the child is involved in a fatal injury and immediate medical attention is required to rescue the child’s life, or if the child is suffering from some other kind of incident that is deemed an emergency (Allen et al., 2018). The pharmacist or medical practitioner will administer an off-label medication to help the child survive before further medical assistance arises. It may even happen during a surgical operation and if anything uncommon is discovered, off-label medications can be administered. Another situation is when the medication’s function is recognized and it can act in a child in the same way as it does in an adult. Cardiovascular system medications, nervous system medications, and antibiotics, for example, may be used off-label (Balan, Hassali & Mak, 2018) Pharmacology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper. Besides that, certain off-label medicines, such as medications used in asthma, are deemed safe, and when a child is found to have asthma, off-label medications may be regarded as a safe choice.
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How to Make Off-Label Drugs Safe for Children
Calculating the dose from an adult’s prescription dose is one of the techniques that may be utilized to ensure safety for a child from childhood to puberty. The dose is estimated based on age to assess the appropriate dosage for each age group and to solve the problem at stake (Mei et al., 2019). Chronic illness medications, such as heart disease drugs and antidepressant medications are examples of off-label products that need special caution when administered in children Pharmacology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper.
References
Allen, H. C., Garbe, M. C., Lees, J., Aziz, N., Chaaban, H., Miller, J. L., … & DeLeon, S. (2018). Off-label medication use in children, more common than we think: a systematic review of the literature. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 111(8), 776. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6677268/
Balan, S., Hassali, M. A., & Mak, V. S. (2015). Awareness, knowledge and views of off-label prescribing in children: A systematic review. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 80(6), 1269-1280. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12750
Mei, M., Xu, H., Wang, L., Huang, G., Gui, Y., & Zhang, X. (2019). Current practice and awareness of pediatric off-label drug use in Shanghai, China-a questionnaire-based study. BMC pediatrics, 19(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12887-019-1664-7
ASSIGNMENT
Write a 1-page narrative in APA format that addresses the following:
Explain the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Be specific and provide examples.
Describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.
REFERENCES
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 9, “Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients” (pp. 58—60)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557722/
http://cdnfiles.laureate.net/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6521/05/mm/decision_trees/week_02/index.html
RUBRIC
Explain the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Be specific and provide examples.–
Excellent 36 (36%) – 40 (40%)
The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.
The response includes accurate and specific examples that fully support the explanation provided.
Good 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)
The response accurately explains the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.
The response includes accurate examples that support the explanation provided.
Fair 28 (28%) – 31 (31%)
The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.
The response includes inaccurate or vague examples that may or may not support the explanation provided.
Poor 0 (0%) – 27 (27%) Pharmacology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper
The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use, or is missing.
The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanation provided, or is missing.
Explain strategies to making off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence and descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics. Be specific.–
Excellent 41 (41%) – 45 (45%)
The response accurately and clearly describes in detail strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence.
The response includes accurate, complete, and detailed descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.
Good 36 (36%) – 40 (40%)
The response accurately describes strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence.
The response includes accurate descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.
Fair 32 (32%) – 35 (35%)
The response inaccurately or vaguely describes strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence.
The response includes inaccurate or vague descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.
Poor 0 (0%) – 31 (31%)
The response inaccurately and vaguely describes strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence, or is missing.
The response includes inaccurate and vague or incomplete descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics, or is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.– Pharmacology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper
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Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time.
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.
Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation–
Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.–
Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3–4) APA format errors
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors Pharmacology Essay Assignment Discussion Paper