The Asthma Disease Discussion Paper

Patients should be encouraged to take deep breathing – Slow inhalation, holding end inspiration for some time and prolonged exhalation.

Encourage patient for diaphragmatic breathing.

Upon consultation with doctor, respiratory medications and supplemental oxygen should be provided.

Evaluate potential exercise programme in patient and encourage patient to perform exercise according to patient’s requirements.

Education – Patient should be educated for pursed-lip breathing, abdominal breathing, relaxation techniques, use of inhaler, scheduling daily activities by considering fatigue and rest period.

Encourage patient to take small quantity meals with frequent intervals.

Nurse should stay with patient during acute exacerbations of asthma.

Deep breathing facilitates slow respiration, aids augmented oxygenation, and prevents air trapping.

Useful in the relaxation of muscle and augmentation of oxygen saturation level.

Β2 adrenergic agonists medications relax airway smooth muscle and produces bronchodilation, which facilitate passage of air through airways.  Supplemental oxygen would compensate for low oxygen saturation.

Exercise improves patient’s working ability of respiratory muscle and give patient sense of well-being.

All these activities would be helpful in maintaining proper health and improving ventilation.

Avoid full stomach and facilitate proper ventilation.

It can reduce anxiety in the patient which would be helpful in reducing anxiety (Chow et al., 2015; Janssen et al., 2012)The Asthma Disease Discussion Paper.

Collection of nutritional history of patient.

Physical and vital signs of patient should be checked on regular basis.

Provision of good environment and proper position for meals to the patient.

Provide company while taking meals.

Provision of high energy protein and liquid supplements.

Caffeinated and carbonated beverages should be avoided.

Diet plan for patient can me made accordingly.

Patients with less nutritional intake are fatigued and demonstrate sluggishness. There is also possibility of tachycardia and raised blood pressure.

It affords comfort and reduces stress for consumption of meals.

Socializing the patient can improve food consumption in the patient.

Protein supplements provide high calorie and liquid supplements are easy to consume.

Caffeinated and carbonated beverages reduce hunger and give false sense of satiety (Chow et al., 2015; Janssen et al., 2012)The Asthma Disease Discussion Paper.

Observation and recording of stool frequency, quantity and characteristic of diarrhea.

Observation of related factors like fevers, chills, bloody stools, physical exertion, abdominal pain, emotional upset and cramping.

Encourage bed rest and provision of bedside commode.

Removal of stool quickly from the room and provision of deodorant in the room.

Identification and restriction of foods which acts as precipitating factors for diarrhea.

Provision of oral fluids immediately and on regular basis. Avoidance of cold fluids.

Counseling for emotional stability to relieve stress.

Facilitate diffenrtial diagnosis of disease and assessment of severity of disease.

Assessment of causative agents and etiology.

Rest reduces intestinal motility. Rest decreases metabolic rate in complications like infection and hemorrhage. Urgency defecation can occur without word of warning and it can be uncontrollable. In case of commode at a distance, may lead to fall of the patient.

It helps in removal of noxious odors and avoidance of patient of embarrassment.

Avoidance of intestinal irritants reduces intestinal motility.

Avoidance of intestinal irritants reduces intestinal motility. Consumption of liquids can prevent cramps and recurrent episodes of diarrhea. Consumption of cold fluids may increase intestinal motility.

Diarrhea can lead to anxiety and stress in patient which can aggravate condition (LeMone et al., 2015; Gulanick and Myers, 2011).

Patient should be assessed for abdominal cramp and pain. Detection of pain location, duration and intensity of pain. Study alterations in the pain patterns.

Evaluation of non-verbal cues for pain like restlessness, reluctance to move, abdominal guarding, withdrawal, and depression.

Implementation of necessary dietary modifications for example, step wise shifting of diet from liquids to the solids.

Assess and record abdominal distension, pyrexia and low blood pressure.

Assessment of ischiorectal and perianal fistulas.

Encourage patient to take comfortable position.

Assessment of factors responsible for the alleviation of pain.

Colicky pain is a common feature of inflammatory bowel disease.

Non-verbal cues in addition to the verbal cues can be useful in assessing the severity of pain.

Bowel rest can result in reduction of pain and cramping.

Indication of intestinal obstruction due to inflammation, edema and scarring.

Erosion and fragile intestinal bowel wall can lead to development of fistulas.

Reduces abdominal tension and gives feeling of control on pain.

Nursing intervention can be directed in that direction (LeMone et al., 2015; Gulanick and Myers, 2011).