Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper

Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper

Discussion: Comparing and Contrasting Pharmacologic Options for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Psychological disorders, such as depression, bipolar, and anxiety disorders can present several complications for patients of all ages. These disorders affect patients physically and emotionally, potentially impacting judgment, school and/or job performance, and relationships with family and friends. Since these disorders have many drastic effects on patients’ lives, it is important for advanced practice nurses to effectively manage patient care. With patient factors and medical history in mind, it is the advanced practice nurse’s responsibility to ensure the safe and effective diagnosis, treatment, and education of patients with psychological disorders. Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a psychological condition that affects 6.1 million Americans, or 3.1% of the US Population Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper.

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Despite several treatment options, only 43.2% of those suffering from GAD receive treatment. This week you will review several different classes of medication used in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. You will examine potential impacts of pharmacotherapeutics used in the treatment of GAD. Please focus your assignment on FDA approved indications when referring to different medication classes used in the treatment of GAD. To Prepare Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug. Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease. Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history with GAD. By Day 3 of Week 8 Post a discussion of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics related to anxiolytic medications used to treat GAD. In your discussion, utilizing the discussion highlights, compare and contrast different treatment options that can be used. By Day 6 of Week 8 Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by suggesting additional factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients diagnosed with GAD. In addition, suggest different treatment options you would suggest to treat a patient with the topic of discussion. Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper.

Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit! Submission and Grading Information Grading Criteria To access your rubric: Week 8 Discussion Rubric Post by Day 3 of Week 8 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 8 To Participate in this Discussion: Week 8 Discussion Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Chapter 26, “Antipsychotic Agents and Their Use in Schizophrenia” (pp. 203–213) Chapter 27, “Antidepressants” (pp. 214–226) Chapter 28, “Drugs for Bipolar Disorder” (pp. 228–233) Chapter 29, “Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs” (pp. 234–242) Chapter 30, “Management of Anxiety Disorders” (pp. 243–247) Chapter 31, “Central Nervous System Stimulants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 248–254)Rubric Detail Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout. Name: NURS_6521_Week8_Discussion_Rubric Grid View List View Excellent Good Fair Poor Main Posting 45 (45%) – 50 (50%) Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. Supported by at least three current, credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to some of the discussion question(s). One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Post is cited with two credible sources. Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors. 0 (0%) – 34 (34%) Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately. Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible sources. Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style. Main Post: Timeliness 10 (10%) – 10 (10%) Posts main post by day 3 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Does not post by day 3 First Response 17 (17%) – 18 (18%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper.

Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. . Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 15 (15%) – 16 (16%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. . Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 13 (13%) – 14 (14%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 12 (12%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. Second Response 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. . Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 12 (12%) – 13 (13%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. . Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 11 (11%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. Participation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days. 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days Total Points: 100 Name: Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper NURS_6521_Week8_Discussion_Rubric

The treatment of anxiety disorders is presently being done using pharmacological drugs that are both safer and tolerable. For most patients, therapeutic efficacy and durability have not improved, notwithstanding the improved knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of GAD. Effective evidence-based therapy would benefit from further research on the factors that contribute to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes, and the relative effectiveness of different medication combinations and sequencing. Anxiety is not relieved by the present generation of antidepressants over the long run (Bandelow et al., 2017)Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper.

Examples of anxiolytic medications in use for GAD include benzodiazepines. They were originally considered first-line treatments for anxiety due to their tolerability and effectiveness. Mostly those who have failed to respond to antidepressant medications are now using them. One additional example of medication therapy for GAD is azapirones (Chen et.al, 2019). The peripheral physiological anxiety symptoms may be alleviated with these medications, but the emotional and cognitive anxiety symptoms are hardly affected by them. Prolonged benzodiazepine usage is associated with a variety of side effects, including withdrawal anxiety, physical dependency, and memory deficits.  Individuals with a history of drug addiction are more prone to misuse benzodiazepines.

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Anticonvulsants are the next class of drugs to be considered. In this class of drugs, which includes gabapentin as well as the more recent medicine pregabalin, they significantly reduce neuronal excitation, and they behave similarly to benzodiazepines in that they have the potential to alter the equilibrium between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activation (Chen et.al, 2019) Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper.

Anxiety disorder patients often have a hard time responding to therapy entirely. The combination of an antidepressant medication with a powerful anxiolytic drug with a distinct mode of action, like benzodiazepine or a different kind of antidepressant, is common among healthcare practitioners (Balon & Starcevic, 2020). Ultimately, although there are some loopholes in the pharmacological treatment of GAD, they may be addressed by combining them with psychotherapy.

References

Balon, R., & Starcevic, V. (2020). Role of benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 367-388. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_20

Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment of anxiety disorders. (2017). Generalized Anxiety Disorders, 19(2), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/bbandelow

Chen, T., Huang, H., Hsu, J., Ouyang, W., & Lin, K. (2019). Pharmacological and psychological interventions for generalized anxiety disorder in adults: A network meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 118, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.014 Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay Assignment Paper