Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper

Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

The patient suffers from rheumatoid arthritis and the medications include naproxen and methotrexate. Both medications inhibit the immune response to avoid the immune system from destroying their own body (Burmester & Pope, 2017). Prednisone improves the effects of methotrexate when both drugs are administered together. The weakened immune system did not destroy the infectious fungi that caused the infection. Chills, fever, weakness, and hemoptysis are signs and symptoms of respiratory and blood infections Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper.

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Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

Invasive aspergillosis is an infection caused by the inhalation of Aspergillus fungus. In an immunosuppressed individual, the immune system is unable to kill the fungus upon inhalation, and the fungus induces a fatal infection known as invasive aspergillosis. It is mainly a lung infection that extends to other areas of the body (Firestein & Mclness, 2017). Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)2, chemokine ligand 10 (C-X-C10), toll-like receptors, plasminogen, and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA-2) are genes linked with the origin and development of this illness. These genes are involved with the body’s immune structure Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper.

 

Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

Immunosuppression is the inhibition of the body’s immune system. This suppression is accomplished pharmacologically to deter the rejection of grafting organs by the immune system or to prevent attacks by the body’s immune system on the body itself, for example in the case of cancer treatment or rheumatoid arthritis. Any pathological agents, including viruses or tumors, can also inhibit the body’s immune system (Venet et al., 2017). Antimetabolites including methotrexate is an immunosuppressive compound that interrupts the metabolic processes of immune cells, inhibits the dissemination of immune cells, and causes the death of immune cells by apoptosis. Some drugs inhibit the metabolism of purine and prevent the division of lymphoid cells. Any highly specialized medications only block T-cell multiplication. These medications inhibit the action of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) enzyme, contributing to the termination of replication and development of T-cells and death from apoptosis Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper.

When a person undergoes immunosuppressive treatment or whose immune system is compromised for some cause (rheumatoid arthritis), they are considered to have been immunosuppressed (Venet et al., 2017). The body will almost always reject the new organ after a transplant, due to the protein membrane of its cells differing from that of the original organ. As a result, the immune system identifies the new tissue as “hateful” and seeks to kill it by targeting it with leukocytes, leading to tissue death. Immunosuppressants are introduced to obstruct this response.

Immunosuppressive drugs inhibit the release of cytokines by the lymphocyte. Due to the blocking of these signals, lymphocytes are not activated, leading to no or very weak immune response. Immunosuppression, if severe, does not impact the body’s other organs. However, if immunosuppression is not severe, it may also have a harmful effect on other problems. For instance, non-specific immunosuppressive drugs inhibit the spread and replication of bone tissue Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper.

References

Burmester, G. R., & Pope, J. E. (2017). Novel treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. The Lancet, 389(10086), 2338-2348.

Firestein, G. S., & McInnes, I. B. (2017). Immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity, 46(2), 183-196.

Venet, F., Rimmele, T., & Monneret, G. (2018). Management of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Critical Care Clinics, 34(1), 97-106.

( PLEASE IGNORE THE case study regard 82yrs old.)

So for this week, you will complete the case study assignment below:

A 49-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis comes into the clinic with a chief complaint of a fever. Patient’s current medications include atorvastatin 40 mg at night, methotrexate 10 mg po every Friday morning and prednisone 5 mg po qam. He states that he has had a fever up to 101 degrees F for about a week and admits to chills and sweats. He says he has had more fatigue than usual and reports some chest pain associated with coughing. He admits to having occasional episodes of hemoptysis. He works as a grain inspector at a large farm cooperative. After extensive work-up, the patient was diagnosed with Invasive aspergillosis Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper.

To prepare:

The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:

  • Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
  • Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
  • Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper

RUBRIC

  • Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:

 Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

28 (28%) – 30 (30%)

The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms.

 

The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.

2.) Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.      

23 (23%) – 25 (25%)

The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

3.) Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.   

28 (28%) – 30 (30%)

The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

4.) Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper 

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5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

 A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.

5.) Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation  

5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

6.) Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.             

5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct APA format with no errors.

REFERENCE MUST BE WITHIN 5YRS OLD.

Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample Discussion Paper